In Salamanca, Spain, between October 3 and 5, 2018, the annual meetings of the Conference of Archivists of the Spanish Universities and the Section on Archives of Universities and Research Institutions of the International Archives Council (ICA-SUV) were held. The topic chosen for this joint 2018 conference, held during the commemorations for the 800th anniversary of the University of Salamanca, had four sub-themes which provided the structure for the sessions: the identity of university archives; the role of archives within the university community; the management of the historical record; and the dissemination of archival heritage. The articles in this special issue are arranged in the same way, though with the caveat that in many cases authors have not limited themselves to one sub-theme, with several touching on two or more.